1.2436 - AT A GLANCE
What kind of steel is the 1.2436?
The material 1.2436 is a ledeburitic, 12% chromium steel with 0.7% tungsten. Its exceptional properties include high cutting durability, dimensional accuracy, tempering and wear resistance, as well as high hardness. These properties make it possible to use 1.2436 in many different industries.
Properties
This cold-work steel features high cutting durability for sheet metal cuts up to 4 mm thick and very low dimensional change despite its high hardness.
- Cold work tool steel
- Ledeburit
- High hardness
- Good dimensional accuracy
- High tempering resistance compared to 1.2080 mod.
- High wear resistance compared to 1.2080 mod.
- High tempering resistance due to its tungsten content
- Nitriding is not common
Applications
The corrosion-resistant tool steel 1.2436 is used in many industries. Thanks to its high wear resistance, edge retention and high hardness, it can be used in numerous applications.
- Cutting tools
- Punching tools
- Stamping tools
- Scraping tools
- Rework tools
- Deburring tools
- Woodworking tools
- Drawing tools
- Pressing tools
- Stone pressing moulds
- Sintering tools
- Machine knives
- Knife jaws
- Hammer cores
- Ring rolling dies
- Thread rolling rollers
- Plastic mould
1.2436 Standard values
Chemical composition:
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.0 - 2.3 | 0.1 - 0.4 | 0.3 - 0.6 | 0.0 - 0.03 | 0.0 - 0.03 | 11.0 - 13.0 | 0.6 - 0.8 |
Chemical designation:
X210CrW12
Working hardness:
59-63 HRC
Delivery condition:
max. 255 HB
1.2436 Physical properties
What group of steel does the 1.2436 belong to?
- Tool steel
- Cold work steel
Is the 1.2436 a stainless steel?
With a mass fraction of 11 – 13 % chromium the 1.2436 can be classified as a stainless steel. To be classified as classic stainless steel, a steel grade must contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium.
Is the 1.2436 corrosion resistant?
Steel is corrosion-resistant when it contains at least 10.5% chromium by mass. With a chromium content of 11–13%, 1.2436 is therefore corrosion-resistant.
Is the 1.2436 magnetisable?
Yes, 1.2436 is ferromagnetic and can be clamped to a magnetic plate for machining.
1.2436 Cold work
Its high carbon and chromium content gives 1.2436 high hardness after heat treatment. This property gives it wear resistance during cold forming. To counteract sudden loads during cold working, this material also has toughness and compressive strength that are useful for tools exposed to such loads, for example.
1.2436 Wear resistance
The 1.2436 tool steel’s wear resistance comes in at 6 on a scale where 1 is low and 6 is high.
1.2436 Technical Properties
Is the 1.2436 a knife steel?
As a steel with a high hardness, edge retention and wear resistance the 1.2436 can be used as a knife steel for example for industrial, punching and forming knives.
This steel grade has a good corrosion resistance which can be enhanced even further with a good and regular maintenance.
Due to its hardness and to guarantee a lasting cutting edge the right abrasive materials should to be used.
1.2436 Working hardness
The 1.2436 can reach a working hardness of 59 -63 HRC.
1.2436 Steel density
The typical density at room temperature for the 1.2436 is at 7,7 g/cm3.
1.2436 Tensile strength
The tensile strength for the 1.2436 ia approx. 860 N/mm2. To reach this value, a tensile test is performed which shows how much force is needed to elongate or stretch this material before it breaks.
1.2436 Machinability
On a scale where 1 is low and six is high the 1.2436 gets a 1 for its machinability.
1.2436 Heat conductivity
The following table shows the heat conductivity of 1.2436 at various temperatures.
Heat conductivity
Value (W/m*K)
At a temeprature of
16.7
20 °C
20.5
350 °C
24.2
700 °C
1.2436 Thermal expansion coefficient
The thermal expansion coefficient shows how much a material expands or contracts at any temperature changes. This information can be relevant when when components or parts are exposed to high temperatures or for applications with ever changing temperatures.
Medium thermal expansion coefficient
10-6m/(m*K)
At a temeprature of
10.9
20 – 100 °C
11.9
20 – 200 °C
12.3
20 – 300 °C
12.6
20 – 400 °C
12.9
20 – 500 °C
13.0
20 – 600 °C
13.2
20 – 700 °C
1.2436 Specific heat capacity
The specific heat capacity of 1.2436 at room temperature is 0.46 J/g • K. This value indicates how much heat is required to heat a specific amount of material by 1 Kelvin
1.2436 Specific electrical resistance
The specific electrical resistance can be found in the following table. Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of specific electrical resistance.
Table of the specific electrical resistivity
Value (Ohm*mm²)/m
At a temperature of
0.65
20 °C
ON REQUEST – SAWN – MILLED – GROUND!
1.2436 Procedure
1.2436 Heat treatment
The heat treatment determines the material properties and should be carried out with care. Properties such as strength, toughness, surface hardness and temperature resistance are determined, which in turn can extend/improve the service life of parts, tools and components.
Heat treatment includes solution heat treatment, soft annealing, normalising, stress-relief heat treatment, but also tempering, hardening and quenching.
1.2436 Annealing
Evenly heat the workpieces to a temperature range of 800 – 840°C and soak at that temperature. To finish this process of cool the pieces by 20°C per hour down to 600°C. Further cooling them in the air.
1.2436 Stress relieving
Heat the work pieces evenly to a temperature of 650 – 700 °C after machining to stress relive them. Then cool them in the furnace.
1.2436 Tempering
To achieve a wide range of hardness values and mechanical properties, heat the workpieces to a temperature range of 160–300 °C and then cool them in still air.
1.2436 Hardening
To harden heat the 1.2436 evenly to a temperature of 950 – 980 °C and soak for approx. 15 – 30 min. and quench after.
1.2436 Quenching
The 1.2436 can be quenched in the following media:
- Air
- Oil
- Hot basin at a temperature of 500 – 550°C
1.2436 Continuous TTT-diagram
The TTT-diagram usually shows micro-changes over time at different temperature . These are important in heat treatment as they provide information on the optimal conditions for processes such as hardening, annealing and normalising.
1.2436 Isothermal TTT-diagram
This diagram shows the structural changes at micro level over time at a constant temperatur. It shows at which temperatures after what time the different phases like perlit, martensite or bainite start to form.
1.2436 Surface treatment
In general, polishing is a type of surface treatment that can increase corrosion resistance, for example, but also creates an attractive appearance.
Another type of surface treatment is coating or hardening the surface. To name just a few, the surface can be nitrided, carburised, hard chrome-plated or treated with CVP or PVD processes to give it greater hardness.
1.2436 Processing
1.2436 Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
In general, a material is eroded to produce workpieces from a single piece. Erosion can be used to produce dies or more complex shapes. There are various methods of eroding different materials, such as wire erosion, spark erosion or sink erosion.
1.2436 Machining allowance / Dimensional changes
As with all metals, 1.2436 expands when heated and contracts when cooled. Controlled heating during the hardening and tempering process, as well as during the cooling phase, can minimise deformation and other dimensional changes. Furthermore, the reduction of stresses and/or dimensional changes by adding tolerances to the dimensions should be considered.
1.2436 Forging
The 1.2436 is heated evenly to a temperature of approx. 1050 to 1150 °C and then forged. To prevent embrittlement and cracks, the temperature of the workpieces should not fall below 850 °C. When necessary, the workpieces are reheated to the forging temperature.
Finally, the parts are slowly cooled to avoid stresses and associated cracks. Slow cooling can take place in the furnace or in a medium that guarantees slow cooling.
To relieve any internal stresses, the material can be treated as described in the section ‘Stress relieving’.
A heat treatment to achieve the desired mechanical properties is the final step in the forging process.
